What is Cannabis Stigma and How Are Attitudes Changing?

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What is Cannabis Stigma and How Are Attitudes Changing? | Earthy Now

Cannabis, commonly known as marijuana or hemp, has long been a subject of controversy and stigma. Historically regarded somewhere between a panacea and an illicit drug, cannabis has faced significant stigma associated with its use, both recreationally and medically. Notably, this stigma has had profound effects on public perception, healthcare services, and policy-making [1]. However, in recent years, attitudes toward cannabis have begun to change, influenced by widespread legalization, medical research, and cultural shifts [2]. This article explores the nature of cannabis stigma, its impact and the evolving attitudes towards cannabis use.

Understanding cannabis stigma

Stigma refers to society’s negative attitudes and perceptions towards certain behaviors or groups [3]. Cannabis stigma is deeply rooted in historical, legal and cultural contexts. For example, early 20th-century propaganda, such as “Reefer Madness,” played a significant role in shaping the public’s perception of cannabis as a dangerous and immoral substance. Hence, the criminalization of cannabis further reinforced its status as an illicit drug, contributing to widespread negative perceptions and fear [4].

Several factors contribute to the persistence of cannabis stigma in some cultural domains. For instance, the legal status of cannabis, which varies significantly across different regions, plays a crucial role. In US federal law, marijuana remains classified as an illicit substance, perpetuating its association with criminal activity and substance abuse. Also, media portrayal and misinformation have fueled cannabis-related stigma, often highlighting adverse health effects and negative outcomes without balanced coverage of its benefits [5].

The impact of cannabis stigma

Cannabis stigma affects individuals and society in numerous ways. For individuals, perceived stigma may lead to mental health challenges, including anxiety, depression, and lowered self-esteem. Additionally, cannabis users may face social isolation and strained relationships due to the stigma attached to their cannabis use. This can deter individuals from seeking treatment for substance use disorders or other medical conditions [6].

In a broader societal context, cannabis stigma has public health implications. For example, negative perceptions and misinformation about cannabis can hinder public health efforts, such as harm-reduction strategies and education on safe cannabis consumption. The economic costs of cannabis stigma are also substantial, including lost productivity, in addition to healthcare expenses, and law enforcement resources devoted to combating cannabis use [7].

Moreover, cannabis-associated stigma poses barriers to medical research and treatment. For instance, healthcare providers may hold unwarranted negative attitudes towards cannabis use, impacting their willingness to discuss or recommend a stigmatized product. This can limit patients’ access to medicinal marijuana for conditions such as pain management, seizure disorders, and other medical reasons as experimental approaches to wellness. Additionally, healthcare professionals may lack training and knowledge about cannabis efficacy, drug interactions, and the potential benefits and risks associated with cannabis use [8].

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Shifting attitudes towards cannabis

In recent years, attitudes towards cannabis have undergone a significant transformation. Legalization and decriminalization movements have played a pivotal role in shifting perceptions of cannabis. Countries like Canada and Uruguay, along with some U.S. states, have legalized medical and recreational cannabis (marijuana), contributing to a growing acceptance of cannabis use [9]. Also, hemp (cannabis with 0.3 % or less Delta-9 THC content) use is federally compliant in the U.S., thanks to the 2018 Farm Bill [10]. These policy changes have not only altered the legal status of cannabis but have influenced public perception, leading to more positive attitudes toward cannabis consumption regarding both medical and recreational use [2].

Education and awareness efforts are also crucial in changing attitudes towards cannabis. For example, accurate information dissemination and public health campaigns can help counteract the negative perceptions and myths surrounding medical and recreational cannabis use. Additionally, scientific research and medical findings continue to contribute to a more nuanced patient perception of cannabis. For instance, studies on medical marijuana use have highlighted its potential benefits for conditions like rare forms of epilepsy (see the FDA-Approved Epidiolex which is made from CBD), challenging the stigma attached to medicinal cannabis [11].

As a result of cannabis awareness, cultural and generational shifts have emerged. For instance, younger generations, who may be more likely to consume cannabis, tend to have more positive attitudes towards its use. Additionally, popular culture and media representations of cannabis users as normal, functioning individuals – rather than drug abusers – have contributed to cannabis use  normalization [12].

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Case studies and examples

Various regions around the world serve as case studies for the changing attitudes towards cannabis. For example, in Canada, the legalization of recreational cannabis in 2018 marked a significant shift in public policy and perception. Since legalization, there has been a noticeable reduction in the stigma associated with cannabis use, with more people openly discussing and consuming cannabis without fear of social repercussions [13].

Personal stories and testimonials also illustrate the impact of changing attitudes. For instance, many individuals who use medical marijuana for conditions like seizure disorders or chemotherapy-induced nausea report feeling less stigmatized and more accepted in their communities [14]. These personal accounts highlight the importance of continued advocacy and education to further reduce stigma for cannabis consumers.

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Challenges and barriers to reducing stigma

Despite the progress in changing attitudes towards cannabis, several challenges and barriers remain. For example, persistent misconceptions and myths about cannabis use continue to fuel stigma for both medical and recreational users. Also, political and legal obstacles, including varying legal statuses and ongoing criminalization in many regions, hinder the normalization of cannabis. Societal resistance, particularly from some conservative viewpoints, also poses challenges to reducing stigma [15].

Moreover, healthcare settings are not immune to these challenges. For instance, health professionals may still hold negative attitudes towards cannabis use in some areas, impacting their interactions with patients. Training and education for healthcare providers are essential to address these biases and ensure that hemp or marijuana users receive accurate information and appropriate care [15].

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The future of social attitudes surrounding cannabis use

Looking ahead, the future of cannabis stigma will likely be shaped by continued changes in policy, education and cultural norms. For example, predictions for the future suggest that as more regions legalize and regulate cannabis, public attitudes will continue to shift toward greater acceptance. As a result, the potential long-term impacts of sustained stigma reduction will likely include improved public health outcomes, greater access to recreational and medical cannabis, and a more informed and open dialogue about cannabis use.

Advocacy and education will also play a crucial role in this ongoing process. For example, public health campaigns, qualitative research, systematic reviews and meta analysis can significantly influence public perception to counteract negative perceptions. Future research should focus on the scientifically based benefits and risks of cannabis to help people make non-biased, informed decisions [16].

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Key takeaway: cannabis stigma and changing attitudes

Cannabis stigma has long been a barrier to the acceptance and understanding of cannabis use, both recreationally and medically. However, attitudes are changing, driven by legalization, education and cultural shifts [2]. Ultimately, reducing the stigma associated with cannabis use is essential for expanding access to recreational and medical cannabis and fostering a more informed and accepting society. As we move forward, continued efforts to challenge negative perceptions and promote accurate information about cannabis will be crucial in shaping a more positive future for cannabis users and society as a whole.

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Medical Disclaimer / Legal Disclaimer – Information is provided for educational purposes. It does not and is not intended to constitute legal advice or medical advice. We attempt to be accurate and up-to-date, but the legality of cannabinoids and the science of cannabis are evolving. The author is neither a legal professional nor a medical expert. Before buying or using any products, you should check with your local authorities and medical providers.

References

  1. Perceptions of Cannabis as a Stigmatized Medicine
  2. Cannabis: Changing Perceptions, Attitudes, & Policies
  3. Definition of Stigma
  4. Reefer Madness! The Twisted History of America’s Marijuana Laws
  5. Where Is Marijuana Legal and How Do People Feel About It?
  6. The Role of Stigma in Cannabis Use Disclosure
  7. Perceived Stigma of Patients Undergoing Treatment with Cannabis-Based Medicinal Products
  8. Waiting to Inhale: Reducing Stigma in the Medical Cannabis Industry
  9. Legislative Review of Canada’s Cannabis Act
  10. Hemp Production and the 2018 Farm Bill
  11. What Does FDA Approval of Epidiolex (CBD Oral Solution) Mean?
  12. From Taboo To Trendy – The Progressive Journey Of Cannabis Advertising
  13. Cannabis in Canada: From Stigma to Normalcy
  14. Epilepsy Patients Embrace Medicinal Cannabis, Survey Shows
  15. A Qualitative Review of Cannabis Stigmas at the Twilight of Prohibition
  16. Cannabis and Education: Empowering Consumers with Knowledge and Awareness

Frequently Asked Questions

Cannabis stigma refers to the negative attitudes, perceptions, and discrimination directed towards individuals who use cannabis. This stigma is rooted in historical, legal, and cultural contexts and is often fueled by misinformation and societal biases [2].

Cannabis stigma can lead to social isolation and discrimination in various areas, including employment and healthcare. Additionally, it can deter individuals from seeking treatment for substance use disorders and other medical conditions [6].

Yes, attitudes towards cannabis are changing, particularly in regions where cannabis has been legalized or decriminalized. For example, increased education, scientific research on medical cannabis, and cultural shifts have contributed to more positive attitudes and a reduction in the stigma associated with cannabis use [2].